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Sport and physical activity have been shown to positively affect not only cardiovascular health and body composition, but also the complex brain systems implicated in well-being and mental health. Research suggests that physical activity can have a beneficial impact on a diverse range of mental health conditions - including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease and depression - as well as enhancing general well-being. The hippocampus, a highly networked brain structure, is sensitive to the effects of physical activity. Learn more about the relationship between physical activity and the brain.
Anxiety is a frequent underlying cause for athletes failing to perform to their usual standard, particularly in situations of exceptional pressure (for example, a soccer penalty shoot-out or a return to competitive play after injury). Read more about the effects of anxiety on performance, including common coping techniques and examples of top athletes encountering anxiety-related issues.
Leisure and physical activity can make a positive contribution to the well-being, cognitive health and quality of life of older adults. Participating in activities such as social dancing, walking for exercise and swimming can provide opportunities for personal growth and stress reduction, as well as slow cognitive decline. Learn more about ageing-specific theories of psychosocial well-being, or view a demonstration of exercise diagnosis and prescription for older adults.
In Gold Medal Nutrition Glen Cardwell simplifies nutrition and reveals the essential food components that are needed for good physical health. The underlying science behind a balanced diet is explored, with an in-depth look at the benefits of different recommended food groups. Click here to find out more about what foods to eat to improve wellbeing and to get the best out of your body.
Competitive sports is a high pressured environment, and strict diet and exercise regimes are crucial to performing well. But at what stage can these habits become unhealthy eating disorders? This chapter from Fundamentals of Sport and Exercise Nutrition examines the distinguishing behaviours of different eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Anorexia Athletica, and explains why such conditions can be so difficult to recognise in pro-athletes.
Chronic undernutrition during childhood can have long-term consequences for growth and maturation in adulthood. However undernutrition is a heterogeneous term that can have varying meanings for specialists, and is difficult to quantify. This chapter examines the criteria and prevalence of undernutrition in preschool children, school age children and adolescents, with an in-depth analysis of the long term effects this can have.
Nutritional supplements are by no means uncommon in the high pressure world of sport, where athletes often strive to enhance and improve performance. Such aids can complement an athlete’s nutritional plan, however, they have the potential to be harmful when used inappropriately. This chapter from Performance Nutrition: Applying the Science of Nutrient Timing breaks down nutrition supplements into three categories - dietary supplements, sports supplements, and ergogenic aids – and describes common examples with an in depth look at their benefits and recommended usage.
Water is second only to oxygen as a necessity for maintaining life. The body can withstand a 40% loss in body mass from starvation, but just a 9% to 12% loss of body mass from fluid loss can be fatal. It is not surprising then that water plays a crucial part in exercise performance. Jay Hoffman outlines the key processes for hydration during exercise and at rest, including water balance, fluid replacement, electrolyte balance and the effect of hypohdration on physiological function.
Can exercise continue to improve your quality of life in your later years? Just what are the effects of exercise on aging? This chapter from Physical Activity for Health and Fitness explores how the cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength of older people are affected by physical activity, and how regular, lifelong physical activity in younger people will affect their health and vitality as they grow older.
Values usually drive our behavior; they reflect what we consider to be most important, such as our health, family, happiness, knowledge, and faith. In Applied Health Fitness Psychology, Mark H. Anshel examines the role of religious and spiritual beliefs in maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the ways in which physical and mental health professionals can apply faith-based content in consulting with patients and clients of faith, and how religious and spiritual beliefs, texts, and programs can provide greater incentive to initiate and maintain healthy levels of fitness.
For people with diabetes, regular participation in fitness activities can help to lose fat weight, gain muscle mass, and improve overall blood glucose. Insulin sensitivity is likely to improve, resulting in a need for lower doses of insulin or other diabetes medications. In this chapter, Sheri R. Colberg outlines key fitness activities, ranging from low-intensity activities such as yoga to power ones like kickboxing, and endurance-based race walking and stationary cycling, with general recommendations for managing blood glucose during and after the fitness activities, separated out by insulin changes for anyone using a pump or injections, dietary changes, or a combination of both.
The term "exercise prescription" is often used, but have we actually considered its meaning and its implications? We can think of a prescription as "a written or verbal order for administering medicine or other treatments based on a diagnosis of the patient's needs". There is a very important concept contained in this definition which is commonly ignored when we use the word in association with fitness: the diagnosis process. In this video, Joseph Signorile outlines the importance of fitness techniques as precise tools that can be used to provide a targeted training intervention, while in this video he puts the concept to practice and looks at the diagnosis and prescription model through the diagnostic sheets of four case studies.
With so many people now either inactive or infrequently active, effective programs to help them start and stick with an active lifestyle are critical. Many of the techniques used to promote physical fitness originated from psychological theories of motivation and behavior change. The stages of motivational readiness for change model evolved from the work of Dr. James Prochaska and Dr. Carlo DiClemente who studied the stages of changing health habits. This chapter from Motivating People to be Physical Active outlines the concepts of motivational readiness and stages of change, and describes the strategies and techniques for behavior change.
This Topic in Focus brings together a carefully curated selection of exclusive instructional material from the brand new Human Kinetics Health Care in Sport and Exercise module. From injury assessment and management, to cultural competence and sports massage techniques, this rich collection is your gateway into this important topic.
Injuries happen, and when they do, athletes and coaches need to have access to quick support. Sports Injuries Guidebook, Second Edition is an authoritative guide covering more than 150 common sports injuries that will arm you with the expert guidance you need to understand injuries and get back in the game. This chapter provides a broad overview of the different types of athletic injuries one may encounter, along with initial assessment and management strategies. It will categorize injuries based on the tissue or system injured, discuss principles of treatment approaches, and provide a comprehensive pathway to allow the athlete a safe return to sport.
Developing cultural competence is a process in which an athletic trainer learns to appreciate and respect cultural differences and take them into consideration in order to care for patients in a culturally congruent manner. Cultural competence can be developed, and doing so takes time, energy, and commitment; the process requires an active choice followed up with conscious effort. For athletic trainers it is important to be responsive to the needs of all patients, regardless of how they are packaged. Click here to read more from Cultural Competence in Sports Medicine, and learn how to develop cultural competence.
Our understanding of the physiology of stretching has broadened as a result of advances in research on the subject. Traditionally, explanations of the benefits of stretching have been based on a mechanical model proposing that stretching increases muscle length. As researchers continue to study the effects of various forms of stretching in an attempt to understand what actually happens, it is important to include stretching as a valuable component of an overall health and fitness program. This chapter from Facilitated Stretching, Fourth Edition looks at some of the elements of stretching, including soft tissues, types of muscle contractions, stretch reflexes, and different stretching techniques.
Sport-related neurological injuries are among the most complex and dreaded injuries that an athlete can sustain. Increased awareness and medical advances have certainly led to a greater understanding of the causation, diagnosis, and treatment of sports-related neurological injuries, although it is clear that there is still much to learn. To grasp the enormous public health impact these injuries have, it is paramount to appreciate that neurological injury can occur in just about any type of sport. This chapter from the Handbook of Neurological Sports Medicine: Concussion and Other Nervous System Injuries in the Athlete outlines neurological injuries across a spectrum of sports ranging from recreational activities to organized athletic competition.
Individual massage techniques are the building blocks of a sports massage session. Skilled practitioners combine these techniques into therapeutic sequences and perform them with the rhythm, pace, and pressure needed to produce the desired results. Understanding Sports Massage, Second Edition provides readers with an understanding of the fundamental theory and practical basis for using sports massage to keep athletes in top shape, recover from injuries, and improve performance. Sports massage practitioners must understand the physiological and psychological effects of techniques and their combinations to apply them effectively. This chapter provides a knowledge base for thoughtful and informed practice of the manual techniques of sports massage.
To celebrate the launch of Human Kinetics Physical and Health Education, we are showcasing a selection of essential readings for teachers and educators from this exclusive collection of ebooks and videos.
Understanding the philosophical basis for and sociocultural context of inclusive physical activity is an important prerequisite to offering physical activity programs that include all individuals regardless of age, ability, or experience. This chapter from Inclusive Physical Activity presents a philosophy of inclusive physical activity and a contemporary approach to including all individuals, regardless of ability, in physical activity programs. Definitions of wellness have changed over the years, but an important step toward further progress in including all individuals in physical activity and health promotion programs is to focus on ability, not disability.
Culturally responsive teaching in the physical education setting involves more than having students learn about other cultures or develop an appreciation for their own heritage. Nor is it merely having groups of students participate in a series of games from other countries. Culturally responsive teaching stresses the need for teachers to take into account the student’s race and ethnic origin as well as linguistic and academic background, since one’s culture can influence a preferred learning style, communication patterns, values and partiality toward specific physical activities and sport, and orientation to school. Read this chapter from Urban Physical Education to learn more.
In Survive and Thrive as a Physical Educator Alisa R. James explores the unique challenges of teaching and offers a wealth of information on handling day-to-day issues, such as adapting to the work environment, understanding the school culture, communicating with parents, and behavior management. In this chapter James provides support for professional development within the field of teaching physical education which will help you grow as an educator. You can explore several options that will enhance your professional and personal growth as a teacher, including joining professional organizations, reading professional literature, continuing your education, creating a professional development plan and portfolio, and working with a mentor.
Good mental health gives you an overall sense of well-being and the ability to adapt, maintain balance, and manage difficult situations. However, in the United States, about one in four adults suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year, and about half of all college students report that they’ve had trouble functioning due to depression. This chapter from Health and Wellness for Life provides an overview of the history of the study of mental health and mental disorders and explain how treatment methods have changed over time. You’ll learn how the brain and the environment influence mental health and what behaviors help professionals diagnose a mental illness.
Self-esteem is a measure of our self-worth (both physical and emotional), self-respect, and personal potential. Without self-esteem, it is more difficult to overcome adversities, control our emotions, and deal effectively with others. A young person’s ability to stand up to peer pressure is greatly influenced by one’s self-esteem level. The activities outlined within this chapter from Judy Demers’ Character-Building Activities emphasize self-esteem, personal attributes, values, self-awareness, and the effects people have on others. By gaining a better sense of who they are, young people can learn ways to change and control destructive or inappropriate behaviors.
Basketball is a stochastic, intermittent high-intensity sport. It is characterized by periods of high aerobic oxidative and anaerobic glycolytic demands, continuous changes of direction that challenge the neuromuscular system, including accelerations and decelerations, jumps, sprints, physical contact, and sport-specific skills. Learn more about the application of high-intensity training to basketball performance, or view a short clip demonstrating the human movement of shooting in basketball.
LeBron James’ intensity, skill level, and control are legendary. Many researchers have described this high-performance state as ‘flow’: the ability to pursue a goal and become immersed, without conscious awareness of the goal, objective or need to apply skills. Learn more about LeBron James, the concept of ‘flow’ and the harnessing of inner strength.
The story of Michael Jordan’s celebrated rise to greatness is characterized by rigorous practice. One of the most celebrated basketball players of all time, Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team but refused to let this set-back deter him. Jordan’s perseverance and focus on perfecting his technical and tactical skills propelled him to professional excellence. Learn more about expert performance in sport.
Much-missed basketball superstar Kobe Bryant described how the training he underwent as a youth contributed to his later success. Instead of an environment that over-emphasized competitiveness, he benefited from a training culture that prioritised skill development such as ‘fundamentals, footwork, spacing, back cuts’. Learn more about best practices for developing young athletes’ readiness for competing in sport.
Sport is universal. It provides common ground for societies around the world through the compelling performances of many differently-abled participants. Wheelchair basketball is the most played disability sport in the world: it has featured at every Paralympic Games since 1960 and is also commonly played at club and recreational levels. Learn more about designing wheelchair basketball programs and promoting inclusion.
The rich history of jazz dance parallels the social, economic, and political history of the United States from the early 1900s to today. In this chapter you will learn how jazz dance grew from West African roots into a performing art, supported along the way by a fascinating list of artists, dancers, and choreographers. Understanding jazz dance history helps you realize the connections between the varied expressions that jazz dance takes, as well as the vital connections that exist between the figures, personalities, and every jazz dance student.
Beginning Musical Theatre Dance introduces students to basic musical theatre dance techniques from a variety of genres, forms, and styles and explains how to put them into practice for performance on stage. Accompanying instructional video clips help students practice and review musical theatre dance forms, techniques and adaptations. Click here to watch a video clip of precision style choreography in the style of musical theatre.
As with any physical activity, dance related injuries sometimes occur. Understanding safety precautions along with basic movement, nutrition, and anatomy can help you prevent many of those injuries. This chapter from Beginning Tap Dance examines studio safety, including creating the best environment to minimize joint and muscle stress and keeping the studio free of injury-causing obstacles. Basic anatomy, proper alignment, nutrition and hydration are also addressed to further assist understanding of injury prevention.
Beginning Ballet introduces students to the study of ballet as a performing art and provides instructional support in learning foundational ballet technique. The book features an audio glossary which explains key terms such as échappé sauté and rond de jambe à terre, as well as images demonstrating basic positions, barre exercises, and centre combinations. Whether you are learning an arabesque a terre or a coupe devant, this collection will provide clear instruction to help guide your dance practice.
A dance exists only in the mind of the choreographer and as a rehearsal exercise until it is performed. However, bringing a dance performance to fruition requires long-range planning and a number of intermediary steps. Planning a dance performance can be a daunting task, but it is possible to minimize the challenge by arranging the production process into a series of smaller, more digestible tasks. From rehearsals and lighting, to props and sets, this chapter is your guide to staging informal concerts and lecture-demonstrations.
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